Characteristics and physical mechanisms of a rainstorm in Hotan, Xinjiang, China

Owing to global warming, extreme precipitation events in the arid regions of Central Asia have increased, resulting significant consequences for water resources and ecosystems. Hence, address features corresponding physical mechanisms these rainstorms, we examined rainstorm that occurred Hotan, Xinjiang June 2021 as a case study. We employed multiple datasets, including meteorological stations, sounding observations, satellite data, reanalysis datasets. The results indicate Global Precipitation Measurement product accurately captured temporal spatial variations this rainstorm, verified against hourly situ observation data. Some stations recorded values greater than twice their historical records, such Luopu, Pishan, Moyu, Hotan. Moreover, duration was longer 2 days. For vapor is sourced from 45°–65°N region North Atlantic Ocean crosses Ural Mountains West Siberian Plain southern Xinjiang. low-pressure levels (e.g., 700 hPa 850 hPa) more flux specific humidity high-pressure levels. Our findings can aid understanding provide reference dealing with disasters, precipitation, context climate change.